Building the Cortex in Silicon
This Stanford University project is taking a hardware based approach, where the nueral structure of the Cortex is being emulated in hardware.
"The first-generation design will be composed of a circuit board with 16 chips, each containing a 256-by-256 array of silicon neurons. Groups of neurons can be set to have different electrical properties, mimicking different types of cells in the cortex. Engineers can also program specific connections between the cells to model the architecture in different parts of the cortex.
The million-neuron grid will have a processing speed equivalent to 300 teraflops, meaning that unlike computer-software simulations of the cortex, the hardwired silicon model will be able to run in real time. "
Blue Brain: IBM and Swiss university to model human brain
"The team will start by modeling the electrical structure of neural circuits repeated throughout the brain and then map and model their behavior. Once complete, they will move onto creating a molecular model of the neurons involved and a complete neocortex (the largest and most complex part of the human brain) before modelling the rest of the brain"
This IBM/Swiss project seems to take more of a software approach, using a customized 22+ teraflop Blue/Gene Supercomputer to model the human brain down to the molecular level. This seems to be a long term project and no results have been made public yet as far as I know.
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